Meanwhile, in 1923(land).

Arts and Culture

On July thirteenth the Hollywood Sign is inaugurated in California. It originally read Hollywoodland and was erected as an advertisement for the land development known
by the same name. After an extended period of dilapidation the sign was appropriated by the Hollywood district of California. They removed the “land” from the sign. Actress Peg Entwistle also committed suicide by jumping of the “H” in 1932. The sign was only meant to stand for eighteen months but remained in place as it became an American icon.

Science, Technology and  Ideas

The first Enigma Machine is sold commercially. They were used for enciphering and then deciphering encoded messages. These machines were then adapted to military use during

World War Two most notably by Nazi Germany. It became the job of Allied military intelligence agencies to decrypt these machines in order to steal the enemy intelligence encoded by them.

Social Change (issues of gender, race, class, immigration)

The Rosewood Massacre lasted from January First until the Seventh in rural Florida. Called a race riot, the event resulted in the death of six black and two white people and the destruction and abandoning of the largely African-American community of Rosewood.  A Rosewood resident was lynched after rumor spread that a white woman had been murdered by a black drifter. When other residents offered resistance a mob of several hundred whites burned down the entire town. Those Rosewood residents who survived did so by hiding in the swamps. They were eventually evacuated by train or car. Authorities at the state and local level were aware of the acts of violence but no arrests were made.

 War, Politics, and Nature.

Irish Civil War ends on May Twenty-Fourth resulting in the establishment of the Irish Free State which was autonomous while still remaining a part of the British Empire.

The conflict was the result of a dispute involving the Anglo-Irish Treaty which ended the Irish War for Independence.

The two forces were the Provisional Government which approved the treaty and the Irish Republicans who saw the treaty as a betrayal. The forces of the Provisional Government were supported by the British Government and therefore were much more heavily armed. The division made more apparent by the conflict is still felt in Ireland today.